Erectile dysfunction (ED) refers to the consistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. A study published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry in 2014 examined the prevalence of sexual dysfunction, including ED, among males aged 18-59 years in urban areas of North India. The study reported a prevalence rate of 16.1% for ED.

One of the most common causes of erectile dysfunction (ED) in India, as in many other parts of the world, is vascular or blood flow-related issues. The prevalence of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), and cardiovascular disease in India makes vascular factors a significant contributor to ED.

Some common causes of erectile dysfunction in India include:

1. Lifestyle Factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug abuse, and a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to ED.
2. Diabetes: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for ED. In India, the prevalence of diabetes is high, and poorly controlled blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to erectile dysfunction.
3. Cardiovascular Disease: Conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and coronary artery disease can affect blood flow to the penis, resulting in erectile dysfunction.
4. Obesity: India is facing a growing problem of obesity, which can lead to various health issues, including ED. Excess body weight can impact hormone levels, impair blood flow, and contribute to other risk factors for ED.
5. Psychological Factors: Psychological issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, relationship problems, or performance anxiety can interfere with sexual function and contribute to erectile dysfunction.
6. Hormonal Imbalances: Testosterone is a crucial hormone for sexual function in men. Low testosterone levels, which can occur due to factors like aging or certain medical conditions, can contribute to ED.
7. Neurological Disorders: Certain neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or spinal cord injuries, can disrupt nerve signals between the brain and the penis, leading to erectile dysfunction.
8. Medications: Some medications, including certain antidepressants, antihypertensives, and antipsychotics, have been associated with erectile dysfunction as a side effect.
9. Chronic Kidney Disease: Kidney disease, particularly in advanced stages, can affect hormonal levels and blood flow, contributing to ED.

Overall, the available research suggests that erectile dysfunction is a prevalent issue in India, with reported prevalence rates ranging from around 12% to 48%.