What is Melasma?

Melasma is a common skin condition causing brown to gray-brown patches, typically on the face. It's more frequent in women and often appears during pregnancy ("mask of pregnancy") or with hormonal changes.

Causes:

• Sun exposure: The main culprit, triggering melanin production in the skin.
• Hormonal factors: Pregnancy, birth control pills, and hormone therapy can influence melasma development.
• Genetics: Having a family history increases the risk.
• Other factors: Certain medications, cosmetics, and skin conditions may play a role.

Symptoms:

• Brown or gray-brown patches on the face, usually on cheeks, forehead, chin, and upper lip.

Diagnosis:

• Typically based on physical examination and medical history.
• Wood's lamp examination might be used to differentiate between epidermal and dermal pigment.

Treatment:

• Sun protection: Essential for preventing worsening and promoting improvement.
• Topical creams: Combinations of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroids are commonly used.
• Other options: Chemical peels and lasers may be considered in severe cases, but carry potential risks.

Prognosis:

• Melasma is not harmful but can be persistent.
• Strict sun protection and consistent treatment are crucial for improvement.

Important Points:

• Melasma has no associated health risks.
• Treatment effectiveness varies, and patience is needed for results.
• Consulting a healthcare professional for diagnosis and guidance is recommended.

Additional Notes:

• Avoiding harsh cosmetics and rubbing affected areas is crucial.
• Differentiating melasma from other skin conditions is important for proper treatment.
• Healthcare professionals should emphasize sun protection and manage expectations regarding treatment timelines.